幽门螺杆菌的免疫研究与疫苗研制进展

摘要

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a major cause of gastroduodenal diseases,including gastritis,gastric and duodenal ulcers,and gastric cancer.Although antimicrobial therapies for Hp infection are very effective,patient compliance with complex antibiotic regimens is poor,and Hp reinfection rate is high in some countries.The immune response to Hp entails both innate immunity and a complex mix of Th1,Th17 and Treg adaptive immune responses.Animal model studies show that Hp vaccines can significantly reduce bacterial load in mice with Hp infection,but rarely stimulate sterilizing immunity.Clinical trials in human show that Hp vaccines can induce adaptive immunity,but adverse effects can be caused by adjuvant in vaccines.Increased effort is required for development of safe and effective Hp vaccines.%幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染是引起胃十二指肠疾病的主要原因之一,引起的疾病包括胃炎、胃十二指肠溃疡和胃癌.抗微生物疗法对Hp感染非常有效,但患者对复合抗生素方案的依从性差,而且某些国家的Hp再感染率高.抗Hp免疫需要先天性免疫和适应性免疫(混合性Th1、Th17和Treg细胞应答)共同发挥作用.动物模型研究显示,Hp疫苗可使Hp感染小鼠细菌负荷降低,但极少诱导无菌性免疫.人体临床试验发现,Hp疫苗可诱导适应性免疫,但疫苗佐剂会引起不良反应.需要不断努力以研制安全有效的Hp疫苗.