Angina is a common symptom associated with considerable morbidity and mortality; with proper management, both can be reduced. N1 patients (with the lmssible exception of the verv elderly with mild symptoms) should be referred to a cardiologist forassessment.The comerstones of management include establishingthe diagnosis, treating the s)Tnptoms, determining the risk of future adverse events and implementing measures to improve theprognosis. Well-vadidated tests, effective treatments and excellentscientific data are available to assist the physician. Nevertheless,the optimal ilkanagement of individual patients renkains a matter ofclinical judgement.
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