基于倾斜摄影测量技术的建筑物三维模型构建

摘要

建筑物是地震灾害的重要受灾体, 准确的建筑物空间分布信息是灾害评估、应急救援及震后重建的重要依据.建筑物基础数据的获取主要靠野外调查, 耗时耗力, 为更好的获取建筑物的高精度数据, 本文中采用倾斜摄影测量技术进行区域建筑物三维模型构建, 为研究区建筑物数据的获取提供支持.以无人机低空影像采集平台采集的吐鲁番市主城区影像信息为基础, 基于软件平台进行航片信息与POS信息的空三解算, 计算出密集的三维点云、数字正射影像及不规则三角网, 进而完成研究区建筑物三维模型的构建.结果表明:此方法构建的三维模型能够反映区域真实地物地貌, 数据处理过程全自动化, 大大提高了生产效率.建立的研究区建筑物三维模型精度较高, 可用于区域建筑物基本信息的识别, 补充了现有数据获取主要依靠野外调查的不足, 数据获取方式简单、省时省力.%Building is important disaster victim of earthquakes. Accurate spatial distribution of the building is an important basis for disaster assessment, emergency rescue and post-earthquake reconstruction. The acquisition of building basic data is mainly based on field investigation, and it is time consuming and labor tedious. In order to obtain the high precision data, the three-dimensional model of the aerial image is constructed by using the oblique photogrammetric technology, which provides support for getting building data in the study area. We use the software platform to implement aerial triangulation and to calculate the dense 3D point cloud, digital orthophoto map and triangulated irregular network, based on image information and the POS information collected by UAV in the main city of Turpan. Then complete the construction of 3D model of the study area. The results show:The 3D model constructed by the method in this paper can reflect the regional real ground object information. The data can be processed automatically by computer, which greatly improved the production efficiency. The building 3D model of the research area has high precision. Building information can be acquired through the 3D model to supplement the deficiency of the existing data acquisition mainly rely on field investigation, at the same time, this data acquisition method is simple, saving time and valid.