汕头市某综合医院2008-2012年颅脑交通伤住院患者特征分析

摘要

Objective Analysis the epidemiological characteristics of road-related traumatic brain injury hospitalized patients. Explore the influence factors of severe traumatic brain injury due to road traffic accidents so as to provide scientific basis for prevention of the severe traumatic brain injury. Methods ICD-10 coding was used to retrospectively analysis the epidemiological characteristics of the traumatic brain injury admitted from January 1 2008 to December 31 2012 in neurosurgery department and the factors affecting the severe traumatic brain injury were discussed. Results There were 1 858 patients, with 1 343 males (72.3%) and 515 females (27.7%), male-to-female ratio was 2.61:1. The highest frequency of severe traumatic brain injury was among the age group 15~44 (44.3%). Majority of the victims were motorcyclists (44.3%), followed by pedestrians (21.5%). The mean hospital stay was 30.40±42.22 days, the average hospital cost was 29 146.30± 43 243.00 RMB. Chi-square test showed that age, sex, marital status, type of road users, patients on admission conditions, multiple trauma patients with traumatic brain injury was statistically significant difference between the groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, admissions, patients with multiple injuries that affect the severity of the traumatic brain injury due to traffic accidents. Conclusions Men, children under 14, admitted the situation is urgent and multiple injuries as risk factors for severe traumatic brain injury due to traffic accidents.%目的：分析汕头市某综合医院2008─2012年交通事故致颅脑损伤住院患者的流行病学特征，探索交通事故致严重颅脑损伤的影响因素，为严重颅脑交通伤的预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用国际疾病分类标准ICD-10，对某大型综合性医院2008年1月1日至2012年12月31日神经外科收治的因道路交通伤害入院的颅脑损伤患者进行回顾性分析，并探讨交通事故致颅脑严重损伤的影响因素。结果本研究共纳入颅脑损伤患者1858例，男性1343例(72.3%)，女性515例(27.7%)，男女性别比为2.61∶1。15~44岁年龄组为交通事故致颅脑损伤的主要人群占59.1%。受伤人员中摩托车使用者所占比例最大，为44.3%，其次为行人，占21.5%。患者平均住院天数为30.40±42.22天，平均住院费用为29146.30±43243.00元。单因素分析提示年龄、性别、婚姻状况、道路使用者类型、患者入院时情况、多发伤与颅脑损伤患者严重程度有组间差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归显示：性别、年龄、入院情况、多发伤是影响患者伤害严重程度的影响因素。结论男性、14岁以下儿童、入院情况紧急、多发伤为严重颅脑交通伤的危险因素。