危废焚烧灰渣的等离子熔融特性研究

摘要

In order to evaluate the effect of the vitrification component and temperature on heavy metal residual fraction and leaching toxicity,ash and slag with different additives were vitrified by plasma arc.The chemical compositions,micro structures,crystalline phases and leaching toxicity of the ash,slag and vitrification were determined.The results show that with the increase of additive,heavy metal residual fraction was improved.With the temperature rising from 1250 ℃ to 1450 ℃,the curing rate of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn is obviously improved,and the residual fraction of Pb and As decreases.The concentration of heavy metal leaching was significantly reduced and below the limits.Process of plasma vitrificationwas verified,and the optimum operating conditions were tested.It's of great significance for the development of ash and slag plasma technology industrial equipment.%通过直流等离子体电弧熔融技术对危废焚烧灰渣熔融固化的处理效果的实验室研究,着重研究了其添加剂用量和熔融温度对灰渣中重金属固化效果和重金属的毒性浸出特性的影响,并对飞灰、底渣和熔渣的化学组成、物相组成、重金属毒性浸出特性和微观结构等进行了深入分析.结果表明,随着添加剂用量增加,熔渣中重金属固化率提高,重金属浸出质量浓度显著降低.熔融温度从1250 ℃升高到1 450℃,重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn的固化率显著提高,Pb、As的固化率逐渐降低.等离子体熔融产出的熔渣重金属浸出质量浓度都远低于毒性标准限值.本试验对于灰渣等离子熔融机理进行了深入研究,试验出最佳运行工况,对灰渣等离子技术装备的工业化开发具有重要意义.