the Vehicle Intelligence Pioneers Inc. Qingdao 266109the Department of Automotive Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China;
the Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department Waterloo University N2L 3G1 Canada;
the Vehicle Intelligence Pioneers Inc. Qingdao 266109the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China;
the Vehicle Intelligence Pioneers Inc. Qingdao 266109the School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China;
the Vehicle Intelligence Pioneers Inc. Qingdao 266109the School of Data and Computer Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China;
Artificial and physical system; parallel distance; parallel driving 3.0; parallel system; rotational and accelerator signal;