不同种植方式对早稻生长发育及产量和经济效益的影响

摘要

To explore the effects of different cultivation methods on growth, yield and economic efifciency of early rice in the Dongting Lake plain with the double cropping rice system, the Liangyou No.6 was taken as materials to compared the effects of three cultivation methods, including seedling throwing (ST), direct seeding (DS) and machine transplanting (MT). The results showed that the whole growth period of DS was shortened than that of the MT and the ST by 9 d and 7 d, respectively. There were signiifcant differences in rice yield among different cultivation methods, and the yield of early rice was the highest with ST and the lowest with DS;in comparison with the yield of early rice with DS, that with ST and MT increased by 6.33%and 7.48%, respectively. In comparison with DS, ST and MT were beneifcial to improve yield components and increase rice yield. Among the three cultivation methods, MT had the highest economic efifciency, which increased by 3.18%and 3.37%than DS and ST, respectively. Therefore, the MT is a necessary developing trend for agriculture, and it has a bright prospect.%为探明洞庭湖平原双季稻区不同种植方式对早稻生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响，以两优6号为材料，对塑料软盘育秧抛栽（简称软盘抛秧）、机械插秧和分厢直播3种种植方式进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明：分厢直播的全生育期分别比机械插秧和软盘抛秧短9d和7d。不同种植方式间水稻产量差异显著，软盘抛秧水稻产量最高，分厢直播水稻产量最低；软盘抛秧和机械插秧水稻产量分别比分厢直播增产6.33%和7.48%。与分厢直播相比，软盘抛秧和机械插秧有利于改善产量构成因素，增加水稻产量。3种种植方式中以机械插秧水稻的效益为最高，分别比分厢直播和软盘抛秧处理高3.18%和3.37%。机械插秧是农业发展的必然趋势，有着广阔的发展前景。