Adopting the analysis method of field sampling investigation and laboratory testing, taking the small watershed of Gaoqiang River as an example, the spatial distribution and content distribution profile of soil physical and chemical properties of the northeastern Guizhou hilly area of Karst watershed under different land uses were studied. The results showed that: ①the quality of soil in the small watershed was higher, and the content of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were rich. ②From the land use types, the magnetism of soil porosity and the water holding capacity of the order of paddy land > woodland > dry land. The average content of organic matter was paddy land > woodland > dry land, but not the content of three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium showed the common law, which was mainly influenced by artificial fertilization. ③From the view of spatial distribution, the order of the bulk density was upstream >middle reaches > lower reaches; The variation trend of porosity and field capacity was opposite. The content of spatial variation of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium all showed lower reaches > middle reaches > upstream, which especially changes in the content of organic matter in the most obvious, indicating that the phenomenon had certain water loss and soil erosion of small watershed, and mainly in the dry land.%采用实地野外取样调查和实验室检测分析的方法,以高墙河小流域为例研究黔东北低山丘陵喀斯特地区典型小流域内不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质的空间变化及剖面含量分布.结果表明,①该小流域内土壤质量较高,有机质含量及土壤中氮、磷、钾等元素含量均较丰富.②从土地利用类型看,土壤耕作层孔隙度、田间持水量大小顺序为水田>林地>旱地,有机质平均含量表现为林地>水田>旱地,而氮、磷、钾3种元素的含量没有呈现出共同的规律性,主要是受人为施肥的影响.③从空间分布看,容重大小顺序为上游>中游>下游;孔隙度和田间持水量的变化趋势与之相反.土壤有机质、氮素、磷素、钾素等的含量空间变化趋势均呈现出下游>中游>上游,尤其以旱地的有机质含量变化最为明显,表明该小流域存在一定的水土流失现象,且主要发生在旱地.
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