Dongxiang is one of special ethnic groups of Gansu Province. Their language is one of the Mongolian languages of Altai language family. And their origin has long been controversial. The results of Cluster analyses (multidimensional scaling analysis, dendrograms, principal component analyses, and networks) of Dongxiang population and other ethnic groups indicated that Dongxiang people is much closer to the Central Asian ethnic groups than to the other Mongolian. Admixture analyses also confirmed the result. This suggests that Dongxiang people did not descend from Mongolian, but from the Central Asian ethnic groups that have spoken Persian or Turkic language. This mismatch between paternal genetic lineage and language classification might be explained by the elite-dominance model. The ancestral populations of Dongxiang could be the Central Asian ethnic groups assimilated by Mongolian in language and culture.%东乡族是甘肃省特有的少数民族,语言上隶属于阿尔泰语系蒙古语族,其族源至今尚不明确.文章根据东乡人群和其他参考人群的Y 染色体单倍群数据所绘制的多维尺度分析图、树型聚类图、主成分分析图以及网络结构图分析结果显示,东乡人在遗传结构上更靠近中亚族群,而与蒙古人群距离甚远.通过计算汉藏人群、蒙古人群和中亚人群对东乡人群的遗传贡献率,进一步证实了这种差距.据此,本文认为:中国西北地区的东乡人群的父系遗传成分主要源于中亚地区操突厥语及波斯语的人群,而非蒙古族.东乡族的这种父系遗传来源与其语言分类上的不匹配,可以用精英主导模型来进行解释,他们的祖先应该是被蒙古族在语言、文化上同化了的中亚人群.
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