陕西省各地市水资源压力指数评价

摘要

The author calculates and analyzes water resources pressure indexes of main cities in Shaanxi Province in 2010 from the aspects of population quantity,water resources quantity,water environment,water resources technique and water water utilization benefit. The results show that as follows.①Different water stress indexes lead to different degrees of water resources crisis,and the main contradiction in the crisis is also different in the areas with approxi-mate water stress indexes. ②The water resources pressures are the most serious in Xi’an and Tongchuan. The water resources pressures are medium in Yangling,Yan’an,Shangluo,and Xianyang,Baoji. The water resources pressures were minimum in Weinan,Ankang,Hanzhong and Yulin. Therefore,some countermeasures are put forward to alleviate the water resources pressure in Shaanxi Province including strengthening the supervision of water environment,establishing the mechanism of watershed eco-compensation,promoting the water-saving measures, opening the water sources by multiple channels,and controlling the population.%以陕西省地级市为研究对象，从人口数量压力、水资源数量压力、水环境压力、水资源技术压力和用水效益5个方面构建了水资源压力指标体系，并对2010年陕西省11个主要地市的水资源压力指数进行了计算和分析。结果表明：①水资源压力指数不同，水资源危机程度不同，水资源压力指数接近的地区，其危机的主要矛盾也有所不同；②西安、铜川两市水资源压力最大，杨凌、延安、商洛、咸阳、宝鸡五市水资源压力中等，渭南、安康、汉中、榆林四市水资源压力最小。为此，从加大水环境监管力度、建立流域水生态补偿机制、积极推行节水措施、多渠道开辟水源，以及控制人口数量等方面提出了缓解陕西省水资源压力的若干对策。