北京市怀柔区2010～2014年水痘流行病学特征分析

摘要

目的：了解北京市怀柔区水痘的发病状况与流行趋势，为制定切实有效的水痘防控措施提供流行病学依据。方法对怀柔区2010～2014年水痘监测资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2010～2014年怀柔区共报告水痘病例1447例，其中2010年402例、2011年345例、2012年287例、2013年213例和2014年200例；发病率分别为101．79／10万、92．49／10万、74．17／10万、53．11／10万和48．76／10万。水痘发病有明显的季节性，发病高峰为冬春季，春末夏初出现小高峰。水痘病例主要分布在人口密度较大的城区。学龄前儿童和中小学生是水痘的高发人群。结论规范学校等集体单位水痘散发病例处理，加强卫生与教育部门的配合对防控水痘突、暴发疫情的尤为重要。提高适龄儿童水痘疫苗覆盖率，加大宣传，推动水痘疫苗第2剂的接种，是防控托幼机构、学校水痘疫情的重要方法。%Objective To explore the prevalence tendency of varicella in Huairou District and provide an epidemiology basis for develo -ping effective prevention and control measures for varicella .Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used for information on re-ported varicella in Huairou District during 2010~2014.Results In Huairou District from 2010 to 2014 , a total of 1447 varicella cases were reported, with 402, 345, 287, 213 and 200 cases during 2010 ~2014 respectively.The incidence rates were 101.79/100 000, 92.49/100 000 , 74.17/100 000 , 53.11/100 000 , and 48.76/100 000.The outbreak cases appeared seasonal distribution and the inci-dence peaks were in spring , winter and early summer.Cases were mainly in densely populated urban areas .Preschool and primary school students were in a high risk of varicella .Conclusion Standardized treatment for the varicella sporadic cases in school and other units should be made.Strengthening the cooperation of health and education department for the varicella prevention and control , strengthening the propaganda and encouraging the second varicella vaccination are the effective strategies for the varicella prevention and control .