改进医院暖通空调设计的思考--读美国《医疗保健设施设计与建设指南》有感

摘要

风机盘管加新风系统由于其价廉、维护量少及能独立控制室温等优点而被广泛地应用在包括医院在内的公共建筑中。指出这种系统因空气过滤效率低不足以承担空气感染控制的重任，故不适合用在医院中有潜在感染风险的功能房间内。美国《医疗保健设施设计与建设指南》对各类房间提出了最小新风换气次数与最小总换气次数两个指标，并对是否可利用室内再循环机组有明确规定。这两项内容体现了医院空调系统的特殊性和感染控制的重要性。基于风机盘管加新风系统不能满足感染控制要求的认识，但在医院设计中又广泛应用的国情，提出了一个强化该系统空气过滤的空调方案，期望能改善国内医院暖通空调设计。%Fan-coil unit with outdoor air system is widely used in public buildings including hospitals in China owing to its low cost,less maintenance and controlling the room temperature separately.Points out that this system can not bear responsibility for controlling the air infection because of the low air filter efficiency.So it is not suitable to be used in hospital's rooms having the risk of air infection.The American standard Guidelines for design and construction of health care facilities stipulates two targets including minimum outdoor air change rates and minimum total air change rates for various function rooms and demonstrates whether air re-circulation room units can be used,which mean the special requirements of air conditioning system and importance of air infection control in hospitals.Based on the recognition that the fan-coil unit with outdoor air system can not satisfy the requirement of air infection control,but it is still widely used in practice in China,puts forth a scheme that will enhance the air filtration of this system to improve the HVAC design of hospitals in our country.