国内外小麦品种苗期耐氮胁迫能力综合评价

摘要

The maximum seedling height, maximum root length, dry stem and leaf weight, dry root weight, root/shoot ratio, dry seedling weight, plant moisture content and root volume of 36 wheat varieties with different genotypes (20 domestic varieties and 16 abroad varieties) were determined at seedling stage under low (0.3 mmol/L) and high (90 mmol/L) nitrogen stress and then their tolerance to nitrogen stress was comprehensively evaluated by principle component and systematic clustering analysis to select and breed wheat variety resources with high nitrogen efficiency.Result:The tolerance to low nitrogen stress of abroad wheat varieties is higher than domestic wheat varieties significantly and 12 wheat varieties with tolerance to low nitrogen are abroad wheat varieties.The tolerance to high nitrogen stress of domestic wheat varieties is slightly higher than abroad wheat varieties and 7 varieties in 11 wheat varieties with tolerance to high nitrogen damage are domestic wheat varieties.4 wheat varieties (Silverstar from Australia and Art, Jackpot and Armour from United States) with both tolerances to low nitrogen stress and high nitrogen damage can be further used in research of tolerance to nitrogen mechanism and breeding of new wheat varieties with nitrogen efficiency.%为筛选和培育小麦氮高效品种资源, 对36个国内外小麦品种 (20个国内品种、16个国外品种) 在低氮 (0.3mmol/L) 和高氮 (90mmol/L) 水平下的种苗生长情况进行鉴定, 利用最大苗高、最大根长、茎叶干重、根干重、根冠比、植株干重、植株含水量、根体积共8个性状指标, 采用主成分分析和系统聚类相结合方法对不同基因型小麦苗期的耐低氮胁迫和耐高氮伤害的能力进行综合评价.结果表明, 国外品种耐低氮胁迫能力明显优于国内品种, 12份耐低氮型小麦全为国外品种;而国内小麦品种在耐高氮伤害能力方面比国外品种稍占优势, 11份耐高氮伤害品种类型中国内品种占7份;来自澳大利亚的Silverstar和来自美国的Art、Jackpot、Armour共4份小麦品种既耐低氮胁迫又耐高氮伤害, 可作为进一步进行耐氮机制研究和氮高效新品种选育的资源加以利用.