烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术研究与应用

摘要

为大面积推广烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术,解决铜仁乃至贵州烤烟适期移栽烟苗不壮的问题,促进烟叶生产水平的进一步提高,从井窖式小苗移栽的基本技术指标及其应用基础角度对烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术进行了研究.结果表明:烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术最佳井窖规格为井窖口呈圆形(直径8～9 cm,深度以移栽烟苗高度距井窖口2～3 cm为好);铜仁市800 m以下海拔烟区,烤烟井窖式小苗移栽的最佳移栽期为4月10-20日,800m以上烟区烤烟井窖式小苗移栽的最佳移栽期为4月15-25日;地膜井窖式小苗移栽的垄体以高度25～30 cm、宽度60～70 cm为宜,非地膜井窖式小苗移栽的起垄高度以25～35 cm、宽度70～90 cm为宜;当垄体土壤水分好时的最小定根水用量以60～100 mL/穴为好,当土壤水分达中等时的最小定根水以100～150mL/穴为好,当土壤水分较差时最小定根水以150～200 mL/穴为宜.2011年,铜仁市示范推广1 466.66 hm2,取得了良好的效果.%To generalize the tobacco plantlet transplanting in well cellar (TPTWC) in large scale and solve the problem of weak seedlings in Tongren or even the whole Guizhou, so as to promote the enhancement of tobacco production level in further, the TPTWC technology was studied from the perspective of its basic technique indexes and application infrastructure. The results showed that the optimum cellar specification included cylindric channel (diameter 8~9 cm, depth from seedling to top 2~3 cm). In the tobacco area with an elevation of below 800 m, the best transplanting date was April 10?0, while April 15~25 in the tobacco area with an elevation of over 800 m. The optimum ridge height and width for TPTWC with mulching film were 25~30 cm and 60~70 cm respectively. And they were 25~35 cm and 70~90 cm respectively for uncovered TPTWC. The minimum water dosage was 60~100 mL/hole, 100~150 mL/hole and 150 ~ 200 mL/hole when the ridge moisture content was abundant, moderate and little respectively. It was demonstrated successfully about 1 466. 66 hm2 in Tongren City in 2011.