不同密度和剪叶量对黔兴201玉米干物质和NPK 积累量与产量的影响

摘要

为探明植株生长冗余调控与玉米产量的相关性，以贵州高产玉米品种黔兴201为材料，采用裂区设计研究不同种植密度和不同剪叶量处理对玉米干物质生产、植株 NPK 积累量及其产量的影响。结果表明：密度为45000株／hm2时，不剪叶处理和剪叶1／4处理群体的干物质积累量显著高于剪叶1／2处理，剪叶有助于干物质积累量向茎和穗部转移；密度为60000株／hm2和75000株／hm2时，不剪叶处理群体的干物质积累量显著高于剪叶1／2处理和剪叶1／4处理。密度为45000株／hm2和60000株／hm2时，剪叶1／4有助于植株群体对 N 素的积累，同时，剪叶1／4处理的产量与不剪叶处理的差异不显著；45000株／hm2、60000株／hm2和75000株／hm2密度时，剪叶处理不会降低植株群体对 P 和 K 素的积累。低密度下黔兴201玉米叶片存在一定的生长冗余，可以通过去除叶片冗余提高此密度下玉米的产量。%In order to explore the correlation of redundancy control of plant grouth with maize yield, NPK accumulation and its yield,taking high-yielding maize variety Qianxing 201 in Guizhou as material,a split plot design experiment was conducted.Results:With planting density of 45 000 plants/hm2 ,dry matter weight of communities is significantly higher when there is no cutting or 1/4 cutting,and the cutting leaves helps the dry matter accumulating in the stem and clusters.The weight of communities of no cutting is significantly higher than 1/2 cutting or 1/4 cutting while the density is 60 000 plants/hm2 or 75 000 plants/hm2 .Cutting 1/4 helps the accumulation of N element in plants group while the density is 45 000 or 60 000 plants/hm2 .Cutting leaves did not reduce the accumulation of P,K element as group while the density is 45 000 plants/hm2 ,60 000 plants/hm2 or 75 000 plants/hm2 .For the yield,there is no significant difference in cutting 1/4 or no cutting while the density is 45 000 plants/hm2 or 60 000 plants/hm2 .So the leaves of Qianxing 201 have a certain growth redundancy under low density.The yield could be improved by removing redundant leaves under the density.