哈茨木霉对烟草生长/产质量及黑胫病防效的影响

摘要

【目的】探明哈茨木霉用量对烟草病害防治效果及产质量的影响,为木霉菌剂在烟叶生产上的应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】在烟草移栽期采用灌根施用方法,研究哈茨木霉不同用量处理〔等量清水(CK)、哈茨木霉孢子液1.5 kg/hm^(2)(N_(1))、哈茨木霉孢子液7.5 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2))、哈茨木霉孢子液15.0 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3))和哈茨木霉孢子液30.0 kg/hm^(2)(N_(4))〕对烟草农艺性状、根系生长、干物质积累、烤后烟叶化学成分、产质量和黑胫病防效的影响。【结果】不同处理烟草的株高、茎围、节距、最大叶长和最大叶宽分别为149.76~159.68 cm、10.80~12.48 cm、5.92~6.48 cm、73.18~79.56 cm和44.18~48.54 cm,依次为N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(4)>N_(1)>CK、N_(4)>N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(1)>CK、N_(4)>CK>N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(1)、N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(3)>N_(4)>CK和N_(2)>N_(4)>N_(3)>N_(1)>CK;总根长、根投影面积、根表面积、根直径、根体积和根分支数分别为1703.64~2585.77 cm、401.95~521.19 cm 2、1262.77~1670.05 cm 2、2.02~2.70 mm、72.13~87.31 cm 3和22036~48327个,根直径和根分支数分别为N_(3)>N_(1)>CK>N_(2)>N_(4)和N_(2)>N_(4)>N_(3)>N_(1)>CK,总根长、根投影面积、根表面积和根体积均为N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(4)>N_(1)>CK;茎叶鲜重、根鲜重、茎叶干重、根干重和根冠比分别为2808.03~4680.12 g、285.50~423.00 g、385.30~639.05 g、60.40~94.45 g和8.28~10.56,依次为N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(4)>N_(1)>CK、N_(2)>N_(4)>N_(1)>N_(3)>CK、N_(2)>N_(4)>N_(3)>N_(1)>CK、N_(2)>N_(4)>N_(1)>N_(3)>CK和N_(1)>N_(4)>CK>N_(2)>N_(3);总糖、还原糖、烟碱、氯、钾、钾氯比和糖碱比分别为20.27%~25.60%、14.65%~19.29%、2.25%~2.66%、0.54%~0.74%、1.13%~1.62%、2.11~2.62和9.02~9.81,依次为N_(3)>N_(4)>N_(2)>N_(1)>CK、N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(4)>N_(1)>CK、N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(4)>N_(1)>CK、N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(4)>N_(3)=CK、N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(4)>N_(3)>CK、N_(3)>N_(4)>N_(1)>N_(2)>CK和N_(3)>N_(1)>N_(4)>N_(2)>CK;烤后烟叶产量、上等烟比例、均价和产值分别为2130.13~2516.25 kg/hm^(2)、44.22%~57.87%、12.85~15.32元/kg和27373.77~38560.90元/hm^(2),均为N_(2)>N_(4)>N_(3)>N_(1)>CK;烟草黑胫病的发病率、病情指数和防治效果分别为1.67%~37.22%、1.30~29.67和71.47%~83.60%,依次为CK>N_(1)>N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(4)、CK>N_(1)>N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(4)和N_(4)>N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1)。【结论】哈茨木霉可促进烟株根系生长进而提高对水肥的吸收能力,改善地上部农艺性状和促进烟株干物质的积累,提高上等烟比例与产值和烟草黑胫病的防治效果,以烟苗移栽期施用7.5 kg/hm^(2)的效果最好。