重症脑血管病患者气管切开后肺部感染的原因分析及护理措施

摘要

目的：分析重症脑血管病（SCVD）患者气管切开后肺部感染的危险因素，探求相应的预防和护理措施。方法采用回顾性调查的方法，对2011年1月至2014年9月在我院住院的86例SCVD气管切开患者的临床资料进行了详尽的统计和分析。结果86例患者45例发生肺部感染，感染率52.4%。伴有意识障碍、中枢性肺水肿、咳嗽吞咽反射消失、机械通气、合并基础疾病、有长期吸烟史、住普通病室、长期使用广谱抗生素，是感染的危险因素，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）。结论SCVD患者气管切开后发生肺部感染存在多种危险因素，必须极早采取有效的预防和护理措施，降低医院感染的发生率，提高治愈率。%Objective To identify the risk factors of pulmonary infactions in patients with serious cerebral vascular disease(SCVD) after tracheomy so as to search the nursing measures. Methods By the means of retrospective survey, the clinical data of 86 cases of SCVD patients with pulmonary infections after trachelomy in our hospital from Jan 2010 to Sep 2013 were statistically analyzed. Results Of the 86 patients, the pulmonary infections occurred in 45 cases with the incidence rate of 52.4%. disturbance of consciousness, central pulmonary edema, coughing and swallowing relfex abate or disappear,mechanical ventilation, combination of underlying disease, a long history of smoking, living in ordinary ward, and the long-term use of antibiotics were risk factors for infection, the difference was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion SCVD patients with pulmonary infections after trachelomy was the presence of multiple risk factors. We must take timely and effective prevention and nursing measures to reduce the rate of pulmonary infections and improve the cure rate.