涠洲岛园艺式珊瑚苗圃的架设与移植

摘要

[目的]探讨涠洲岛不同底质下最适宜的硬珊瑚苗圃架设方法和最佳移植培育种类.[方法]在涠洲岛周边海域砂质、基岩、珊瑚碎屑和礁石等4种不同底质架设固定式(20个)及悬浮式(112个)珊瑚苗圃,移植块状、枝状、叶状等7种硬珊瑚断枝,共2436个;观测记录苗圃保存情况及珊瑚成活率、珊瑚体积增长率等.[结果]礁石底质海域的苗圃保存程度最高,为70%;其次是珊瑚碎屑海域(北部牛角坑)的苗圃,为57%.铁架式苗圃的平均保存率为63%,是保存程度最好的苗圃形式.经过一年时间的培育,风信子鹿角珊瑚Acropora hyacinthus的成活率为20%~80%,体积增加3.5倍;粗野鹿角珊瑚Acropora humilis成活率为25%~49%,体积增加1.5倍.其他种类珊瑚生长较慢,成活率较低.[结论]铁架式苗圃结构稳固、不易受台风等风暴潮的影响,是涠洲岛最适合的珊瑚苗圃形式.涠洲岛四面环海,珊瑚苗圃应架设在岛屿北部礁石和珊瑚碎屑基底的海域.风信子鹿角珊瑚在一年时间内体积可以增加3倍,且存活率高,是涠洲岛珊瑚礁移植最优先考虑的种类.%[Objective]The objective of this study is to find the optimal methods for coral nursery construction and the most suitable transplanted species.[Methods]The coral fragments were transplanted to fixed (20)and floating (112)coral nurseries which were constructed in 4 differ-ent seabed (sand,rock,reef and dead coral fragments)in Weizhou Island.About 2436 coral fragments were transplanted which belonged to 7 hermatypic coral species.Monitoring took place over 5 seasons and each monitoring survey included the preservation degree of the nursery, coral survival rate,coral volume growth rate.[Results]The preservation degree of coral nurs-ery at reef area was over 70%,which was the highest,and at dead coral fragments area in Ni-ujiaokeng north of the island was 57%.The coral nursery preservation degree of galvanized metal frame was 63%,which was the best coral nursery.After one year,the survival rate of Acropora hyacinthus was between 20%-80%,and the volume increased by 3.5 times.The survival rate of Acropora humilis was between 25%-49%,and the volume increased by 1.5 times.The other transplanted species had lower growth and survival rates.[Conclusion]The galvanized metal frame nursery had firm structure,less influence of storm tide.The coral nursery should be constructed in the sea area that the seabed was dead coral fragments or reef in the north Weizhou Island.Acropora hyacinthus was the best specie transplanted on the nursery,which had high survival rate and volume growth rate.