作为多民族共同体的欧盟，为了消除内部种族主义和极右势力对欧洲一体化发展事业产生的负面影响，欧盟制定了一系列条约和法令来反对民族歧视，保障少数民族的权益。虽然欧盟没有出台专门的法案具体制定民族政策，但欧盟制定的公约、标准、条约等正式文件中包含有大量的关于少数民族问题的规定，在此基础上形成了欧盟的民族政策。欧盟民族政策主要有三方面的特点：一是采用平等的原则赋予少数民族均等化权利，不对少数民族进行特别优待；二是重点保障少数民族的经济权益和文化权益，对少数民族的政治权利较少涉及；三是对少数民族权利的保护多为原则性的规定，对违反行为缺乏强制性的措施。尽管欧盟民族政策存在执行力不强、忽视少数民族政治权利的保护等问题及缺陷，但在保障少数民族平等就业权益，反对种族歧视，打击欧洲民族主义势力，推动少数民族社会参与等方面起到了重要作用，从而为欧洲一体化的深入发展提供了制度保障。%As a multi-ethnic community, the European Union ( EU) has made a series of treaties and laws against ethnic discrimination, and protects the rights and interests of minority in order to solve the neg-ative effects of internal racism and ultra right forces of European integration.Although the EU has not made the special bill about ethic policy, there are a lot of regulations regarding minority issues in the conven-tions, standards, treaties and other official documents of EU.These have formulated the EU’ s ethnic poli-cy.There are three characteristics of the EU’ s minority policies, the first is to endow minority equal rights rather than special favorable treatment by the principle of equality;the second is to guarantee of economic rights and cultural rights of ethnic minorities particularly, little has been dealt with political rights of ethnic minorities;the third is the protection of the rights of ethnic minorities for provisions in principle, lacking of compulsory measures in dealing with the violating behavior.Although the EU’ s minority polices has some problems and shortcomings, such as the weak executive power and the ignorance to the protection of minori-ty political rights, it plays important roles in the protection of equal rights of ethnic minorities in occupa-tion, in the fight against racial discrimination and European nationalism, and in promoting ethnic social par-ticipation.It provides the institutional guarantee for the further development of European integration.
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