绝缘材料内部气隙中局部放电特性的影响因素

摘要

人工合成绝缘材料在制造和使用过程中内部会不可避免地产生气隙，而发生在这些气隙处的局部放电会使电力设备中的绝缘部件劣化甚至完全击穿，进而使电力设备失效。基于此，介绍了局部放电基本特性，分析局部放电特性的影响因素，并阐述放电随机特性的相关理论。研究认为，外施激励特性、电极特性、气隙特性、气体周围的绝缘材料特性是影响局部放电特性的4个主要因素，而基于放电时延的随机性与基于放电面积的随机性构成了局部放电特性的随机性物理机制，其他外界因素都是通过改变放电时延或放电面积来影响局部放电特性。%Voids are unavoidably produced in the course of making and using synthetic insulating materials,and the partial discharge (PD)in these voids may cause degradation even total breakdown of insulating components of electric power equip-ment,which will finally invalidate the equipment. Thus,this paper introduces the fundamental characteristics of PD,analy-zes influencing factors on PD characteristics and states the related theory about random characteristics of PD. The research considers that the characteristics of the applied voltage,the electrode,the void and insulating materials around the voids are the four main factors influencing PD characteristics. Secondly,the randomness respectively based on discharge delay and dis-charge area forms the randomness mechanism of PD characteristics,and other external factors may affect PD characteristics by changing thedischarge delay or area.