Research progress in rare earths and their composites based electrode materials for supercapacitors

摘要

Supercapacitor is an imminent potential energy storage system,and acts as a booster to the batteries and fuel cells to provide necessary power density.In the last decade,carbon and carbonaceous materials,conducting polymers and transition metal oxide/hydroxide based electrode materials have been made to show a remarkable electrochemical performance.Rare-earth materials have attracted significant research attention as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications based on their physicochemical properties.In this review,rare earth metals,rare earth metal oxides/hydroxides,rare-earth metal chalcogenides,rare-earth metal/carbon composites and rare-earth metal/metal oxide composites based electrode materials are discussed for supercapacitors.We also discuss the energy chemistry of rare-earth metal-based materials.Besides the factors that affect the performance of the electrode materials,their evaluation methods and supercapacitor performances are discussed in details.Finally,the future outlook in rare-earth-based electrode materials is revealed towards its current developments for supercapacitor applications.