Ionic liquids (ILs) have received a great deal of attention because they are less-volatile, less-flammable, have low toxicity and unique solubility for many organic and inorganic materials, and these properties allow them to be used in various fields of sustainable sciences. Remarkable progress in the science of ILs has been accomplished during the past two decades;the number of publications of ILs reached more than 90,000 since 1999 to be present [1]. ILs are nowwell recognized as essential players in the fields of environmental benign synthesis, catalysts, extraction, electrochemistry, and biotechnology, and they also attract much attention as a key technology to promote the spread of renewable energy.
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