苔藓植物对废弃卡林型金矿区重金属污染的监测评价

摘要

对贵州省兴义市雄武废弃卡林型金矿区苔藓植物进行野外调查；其调查研究发现，该矿区苔藓植物有4科6属7种，全部为藓类植物。选取4种苔藓植物（硬叶扭口藓、异芽丝瓜藓、卵蒴真藓和小青藓）及其基质进行Hg、As、Pb、Zn、Cd和Cu的测定分析；其监测结果表明，4种苔藓植物重金属元素含量具有较大差异，但对重金属的累积量表现出一定的规律性，即硬叶扭口藓＞异芽丝瓜藓＞卵蒴真藓＞小青藓。研究结果表明：硬叶扭口藓对重金属具有较强的富集能力，可作为该地区重金属污染防治的指示植物；硬叶扭口藓、异芽丝瓜藓和卵蒴真藓对Zn和Cd均为强烈富集，可用于Zn和Cd的复合污染治理监测评价的指示植物。%The bryophytes were investigated in abandoned carlin gold mine area of Xingyi City ,Guizhou Province. Seven taxa in 6 genera of 4 families were found and all of them are bryophytes.Six elements( Hg,As,Pb,Zn,Cd and Cu) in four bryophytes ( Barbula rigidula,Pohlia leucostoma,Bryum blindii and Brachythecium perminusculum) and their associated substrates were determined.The results show that different bryophytes contained varied concentrations of heavy metals,with a descending order of Barbula rigidula,Pohlia leucostoma,Bryum blindii,Brachythecium permi-nusculum.Barbula rigidula that is good at enriching heavy metals might be used as an indicator of heavy metal scon-tamination in this area.Barbula rigidula,Pohlia leucostoma and Bryum blindii could intensely accumulate Zn and Cd, therefore,they could be potentially used as indicator plants in remediating Zn and Cd contamination in studied area.