基于格林理论的鬼波压制方法及其应用

摘要

海洋地震资料存在受海水面虚反射(鬼波)引起的陷波效应,为此,从散射理论出发,提出了基于格林理论的空间-频率(x-ω)域任意震源鬼波压制方法,并详细论述了其物理意义.在一维理论数据分析的基础上,形成了格林理论鬼波压制处理流程.利用模拟数据和实际数据进行了测试,实现了基于上下缆和双检采集地震资料的鬼波压制.处理结果表明,此方法完全基于地震数据驱动,无需任何地下介质信息,适用于各种复杂的海洋地形和地质情况.鬼波压制后地震资料的频带得到有效拓宽、地震资料的分辨率得到提高,有利于地震资料的后续处理和解释.%In marine seismic exploration,due to the presence of the air/water surface,the virtual reflection called ghost will produce notches in seismic data.Hence,from the scattering theory,a deghosting method based on Green's theorem is proposed in x-ω domain and its physical and mathematical foundation is discussed in detail.The procedure of the deghosting method based on Green's theorem in space-frequency domain is obtained from the 1D theoretical data analysis.This method is applied to the deghosting tests for the numerical and field seismic data that acquired by the over/under cable and dual-sensor cable.Testing results present that this method is totally data-driven and does not require any subsurface information.It is suitable for any complex and complicated marine topography and geological cases.The results after deghosting show that this method can broaden the bandwidth of the seismic data and enhance the resolution of seismic data,which benefits the later seismic processing and interpretation.