山西地块的深部构造和金伯利建造:兼论金刚石矿与稳定地块的深部过程

摘要

The upwelling asthenosphere in deep stable craton led to the rupturing of the lithosphere and the formation of deep-seated fault series.Alkaline series magma was formed by partial melting of the uppermantle.In the process of its upward migration along the rift and emplacement,the magma evolved into kimberlite formation.Diamonds were accumulated at the terminal end of the kimberlite formation,i.e.,brecciated alkaline ultra-basic rocks.With the explosive emplacement in the upper crust,diamonds were preserved as useful resources.The widespread stable massif in China underwent multiple deep magmatic process in Phanerozoic.Up till now,many diamond deposits have been discovered,with great exploration potentiality remaining existent.%稳定地块的深部,软流圈上拱,岩石圈破裂,产生三联结构超壳深断裂系,地幔热流使上地幔岩局部熔融,形成碱性-偏碱性系列岩浆,沿深断裂系侵位过程中演化为金伯利岩建造.金刚石聚集于该建造的终端-(角砾状)碱性超基性岩类,爆发式侵入上地壳,迅速冷凝,金刚石得以保存而成为有用资源.我国的稳定地块面积颇广,显生宙经历多次深部过程,已查明多处金刚石矿藏,仍有巨大找矿潜力.