烟台市土壤环境质量现状及重金属元素分布迁移规律

摘要

Yantai is one of the core cities of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone. Based on ecological geochemical data, the authors found that the main pollution factors of soil are Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Zn. Industrial waste emissions constitute the main sources of heavy metals in the soil. Soil acidification is caused by acid rain which comes form excessive application of chemical fertilizer and industrial pollution. The activation and migration capability of root-soil cadmium in acid environment is enhanced, the activation and migration of toxic heavy metal cadmium are realized through the soil water plant, and such toxic heavy cadmium is transferred to the human body through the food chain, which increases the risk. Soil heavy metal pollution and soil acidification are two major factors affecting urban ecological environment of Yantai. The results of this survey provide the scientific basis for local land pollution prevention and land management.%提烟台市是山东半岛蓝色经济区核心城市之一。通过对山东省烟台市生态地球化学资料的系统整理，发现土壤主要污染因子是Cd、As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素，工矿三废排放是土壤重金属的主要来源；过量施用化肥和工矿污染形成的酸雨使区内土壤明显酸化，土壤根系土中镉等元素在酸性环境中活化迁移能力明显增强，有毒重金属镉等通过土壤-水-植物活化迁移量大，经食物链向人体中转移危险性增大。土壤重金属污染和土壤酸化成为烟台市域内两项重大的生态环境问题，为土地污染防治提供了科学依据。