中国岩浆铜镍矿床的形成特点与找矿方向

摘要

与幔源镁铁－超镁铁质岩浆密切相关的铜镍硫化物矿床，因深部地幔动力学机制不同在地球表壳的分布极不均衡。中国岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分布不均匀，主要产出于板块内部或其边缘。为认识中国铜镍矿床的形成特点，进一步明确找矿方向，通过综合分析已有典型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床，发现该类矿床基本形成于新元古代晚期、早古生代晚期及晚古生代晚期，且均无一例外地就位于板块内部或其边缘的造山带中，是硫化物熔离后的岩浆多期侵位的结果。通过系统研究岩浆铜镍矿床深部过程及地质、物探、化探、遥感有利成矿信息，结合找矿突破的最新勘查进展，指出中国西北部是岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的重要成矿潜力地区，稳定地块边缘仍是主要的找矿方向。%The distribution of magmatic Ni-Cu deposits related with mafic-ultramafic magma of mantle sources is imbalance in the Earth owing to different deep mantle dynamics mechanism.Especially the imbalance distribution of Ni-Cu deposits in China,most of them were located mainly in interplate or the margin of plates.In order to understand formation characteristics of magmatic Ni -Cu sulfide deposits in China and definite the prospecting direction of magmatic Ni-Cu deposits,the typical magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits were analyzed comprehen-sively and found that these deposits formed basicly in the late New Proterozoic,late Early Paleozoic and late Late Paleozoic.And all of them grew unexceptionally in the interplate or the margin of plate and it’s the result of multi-stages magmatic emplacement after immiscibling magma.This paper gives a systematic study of deep process of magmatic Ni -Cu sulfide deposits and useful ore-formation information of geology,geophysics,geochemistry and remote sensing.Combining with newly prospecting progress on ore-search breakthrough,the result shows that Northwestern China is a very important ore-forming potential area for magmatic Ni -Cu sulfide deposits and the margin of stable craton is still a main prospecting direction for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits.