State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China;
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 ChinaDalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China;
multi-loop circulating fluidized bed; mathematical modeling; energy minimization multiscale; virtual fluidization; mesoscale structure;