Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China;
Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China;
Academy of Green Manufacturing Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China;
remanufacturing; process route optimization; eco-efficiency; simulated particle swarm optimization algorithm; IDEF0;