[1]School of Electronics;
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science;
Queen''s University Belfast;
BT9 5AH Belfast;
UK;
[1]School of Electronics;
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science;
Queen''s University Belfast;
BT9 5AH Belfast;
UK;
[2]School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering;
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology;
Nanjing 210044;
China;
[3]IDL;
Warwick Manufacturing Group;
University of Warwick;
CV4 7AL Coventry;
UK;
battery management system; battery modelling; battery state estimation; battery charging;