冲天炉熔炼过程化学成分变化的热力学建模

摘要

Cupola is the main equipment in the iron melting process. Due to the complex mechanisms and various influence factors, the precise description of the burn out rate and the forecast of the iron liquid final composition in cupola melting process are still a problem. The thermodynamic theory was used in this study to establish two mathematical models, the equilibrium constant method and the minimization of Gibbs free energy method, for the chemical composition calculating in iron melting process, and the features and application areas of the two models have been summarized. What's more, the measure to compute the loss rate of each kind of elements has also been given in this paper. The establishment of the two thermodynamic models has important significance to expanding the application of computer simulations in casting fields and quantitatively opening out the regulations in cupola melting process.%冲天炉是熔炼铸铁最主要的设备,由于熔炼过程的机理复杂,影响因素繁多,对冲天炉熔炼过程中元素烧损率的定量计算以及铁液最终成分的预测一直是个难题.利用热力学的知识建立起了平衡常数法和最小自由能原理法这两种用于计算铸铁在冲天炉熔炼过程中成分变化的数学模型,总结了这两种模型各自的特点及适用范围,并给出了反求熔炼过程各种元素烧损率的方法.该热力学模型的建立,对扩大计算机模拟技术在铸造中的应用领域以及定量揭示冲天炉熔炼规律有着重要的意义.