大棚下嫁接时间对油茶苗成活率及生长量的影响

摘要

In order to find the best grafted time of Camellia olei f era seedling ,effects of grafted time on survival rate and growth of C .oleifera under the steel shed were studied .Current‐year lignified shoots of elite‘Changlin 4’Ca‐mellia variety ,Camellia were selected to be grafted from May 6 th ,2013 to June 4 th ,respectively .Moreover ,in‐vestigation was conducted on the survival rate ,autumn shoot rate and growth for the hypocotyl grafting container seedlings before October to compare the differences of survival rate and growth of C .oleiferagrafted seedlings un‐der different grafted time .The results showed that the highest survival rate of C .oleiferagrafted seedlings was 89 . 93% and the grafted time was from May 11 th to 15 th ,followed by 87 .27% ,from May 6 th to 10 th .The lowest survival rate was only 41 .63% ,which was grafted from May 6 th to June 4 th .The biggest figures of autumn shoot rate and leaf area were 25 .17% and 12 .60cm2 respectively ,which were both grafted from May 11 th to 15 th .A‐mong the six treatments ,the total leaf number was 10 .67 ,11 .33 ,9 .67 ,9 .50 ,9 .33 and 9 .00 ,and the height‐di‐ameter ratio were 52 .11 ,48 .14 ,48 .41 ,40 .73 ,42 .75 and 36 .82 respectively ;the longest taproot length was 8.53cm ,which was grafted from May 11 th to 15 th;the ratio of root and stem which was grafted from May 6 th to June 4th was biggest with the value of 0 .459 .Grafting time was one of the key factors for C .oleifera embryo‐grafting container seedlings efficiency .Under the steel shed ,the best grafting time was from May 11 th to 15 th ,of which survival rate and growth were higher than others in Anqing .%研究钢架大棚环境下芽苗砧嫁接时间对油茶成活率、生长量的影响，以期找出油茶最佳嫁接育苗时间。选择油茶‘长林4号’优良无性系当年生木质化穗条，分别于2013年5月6日～6月4日嫁接，于当年10月底统计各时期嫁接成活率、秋梢率和生长量等，比较不同嫁接时间油茶苗成活率及生长量的差异。结果表明，5月11～15日嫁接的油茶苗成活率最高，为89．93％，其次是5月6～10日，成活率为87．27％，5月31日～6月4日成活率最低，仅为41．63％；5月11～15日嫁接的油茶苗木秋梢率及叶面积数值均最大，分别为25．17％和12．60cm2；6个处理总叶片数依次为10．67、11．33、9．67、9．50、9．33和9．00，高径比依次为52．11、48．14、48．41、40．73、42．75和36.82；5月11～15日嫁接苗木主根最长（8．53cm ）；5月31日～6月4日嫁接苗木根茎比最大（0．459）。嫁接时间是影响油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗成效的关键成因之一，在安庆地区钢架大棚环境条件下，5月11～15日为最佳嫁接时间，油茶苗成活率和生长量等指标都高于其它时间段。