高黎贡山赧亢东白眉长臂猿活动区秋季潜在可选果实食物研究

摘要

为保护东白眉长臂猿及其生境提供有效合理的依据,调查和研究了东白眉长臂猿秋季潜在果实食物,从而可以提供预案,防止突发自然灾害引起的常规食物不足,威胁东白眉长臂猿生存.研究采取野外观察与实验室分析相结合的方法,对高黎贡山赧亢东白眉长臂猿活动区的果实进行鉴定和测定.涉及的内容有果实和果树类型,果实的颜色、大小、形状和有无防护物,pH值、含水量、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、Ca、P.在测定时,每项成分测定均做平行实验,求取平均值.采用Microsoft Excel 2003和SPSS 17.0软件分析数据,采用独立样本t检验分析食源果实和非食源果实数据.东白眉长臂猿只利用藤本果和乔木果,喜食浆果和梨果,颜色偏重于紫黑色和红色,对大小没有特别的要求,但食源果实中聚集生长的小果实居多(56.14％).共测定了活动区的30种果实.比较本次测定的果实特征和东白眉长臂猿食源果实特征,匍匐酸藤子(Embelia procumbens)、八月瓜(Holbelia latifolia)和肉轴胡椒(Piper ponesheense)等3种与其食源果实最为接近,很有可能会成为东白眉长臂猿潜在可选果实.%In order to provide reasonable and effective evidence for conservation of eastern hoolock gibbon and its habitat,this paper conducted an investigation on animal potential fruit food.This could provide a plan to prevent sudden natural disasters caused by lack of conventional food and finally threatening survival of gibbons.Combining field observation and laboratory analysis,this paper identified the fruits from Nankang activity area of gibbons at Mt.Gaoligong and also determined their composition.The study mainly focused on type of fruit and tree,the color,size and shape of fruit with or without protection,pH value,water content,protein,fat,ash,Ca,P and so on.The parallel experiments was carried out and the average value was gained when each component was determined.By using Microsoft Excel in 2003 and SPSS software 17.0 for Windows,the data was analyzed.Fruit and food source also were tested by independent sample data contrast t test.Results showed that the hoolock gibbons only used liana fruit and tree fruit,liked berries and pomes,more favorite purple and red color,no special requirements for fruit size.We measured thirty fruits from their active region in this study.However,in their food sources,small fruit was the most which accounted for 56.14％.Comparison between characters of measured fruit and gibbons fruit food source also showed that Embelia procumbens,Holbelia latifolia and Piper ponesheense were close to their food source and likely to be alternative fruit for gibbons..