Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China;
Liaoning Research Institute of Sandy Land Control and Utilization Xihe District Fuxin City 123000 Liaoning Province China;
College of Information Science and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China;
Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry The University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada;
Seed orchard; Deployment; Inbreeding; Genetic distance; Clone; SSR;