[Objective] To investigate the dietary compliance in elderly hospitalized patients and evaluate the effects of nutrition education on therapeutic diets coincidence rate.[Method] Totally 180 elderly hospitalized patients in Beijing Hospital were randomly chosen from endocrinology department,digestive department,nephrology department and cardiovascular department and were investigated by questionnaire survey and interviewed by nutritionist.40 patients with diabetes accepted nutrition assessment and education after hospitalization.Statistical analysis was used by chi-square test,P ＜ 0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.[Result] Among the 180 patients,the average coincidence rate was 86.1％.The highest coincidence rate was 97.5％,which was in the patients with diabetes who took sugar free low salt-fat diet.The coincidence rate of low-salt and low-fat diet in cardiovascular patients was 82.5％.The coincidence rate of high-quality and low-protein diet in CKD and dialysis patients was 77.5％.The coincidence rate of low-fat diet in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases in digestive department was 92.5％.The lowest coincidence rate of low purine diets of gout and hyperuricemia patients was 75％.There was a negative correlation between age-related obedience and age-related dietary compliance in the elderly inpatients (P =0.03).The coincidence rate of therapeutic diets was 92％ in 65 ～ 75 year old patients and 84.2％ in 75 ～85 year old patients,however,the coincidence rate of therapeutic diets was only 63.6％ in patients older than 84.[Conclusion] The elderly hospitalized patients have poor compliance to therapeutic diets,the coincidence rate of therapeutic diets was dramatic decline in patients older than 84.Nutrition education significantly improved the coincidence rate of therapeutic diets in elderly hospitalized patients.It is necessary to strengthen nutrition education during hospitalization to improve elderly patients' lifestyle and clinical prognosis.%目的:了解老年住院患者治疗膳食的依从性,评价入院后营养宣教对治疗膳食符合率的影响.方法:对180例北京医院内分泌科、消化科、肾内科、心内科住院治疗的65岁以上老年患者1天实际治疗膳食就餐情况进行调查统计,其中内分泌科40例糖尿病患者入院后进行营养评估及宣教,统计学分析采用x2检验,以P ＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果:全部调查患者平均治疗膳食就餐符合率为86.1％,内分泌科糖尿病患者免糖低盐低脂饮食的治疗膳食依从性最好,符合率最高,达到97.5％;心内科高血压、冠心病、高脂血症患者的低盐低脂饮食符合率为82.5％;肾内科CKD、透析患者优质低蛋白饮食符合率77.5％;消化科肝胆胰腺疾病患者低脂饮食符合率92.5％;内分泌科痛风及高尿酸血症患者低嘌呤膳食符合率最低,为75％.老年住院患者治疗膳食依从性与年龄增长负相关,65 ～ 75岁患者治疗膳食符合率为92％;75 ～ 85岁患者治疗膳食符合率为84.2％;85岁及以上患者,治疗膳食符合率为63.6％.结论:老年住院患者对治疗膳食的依从性不佳,85岁及以上的高龄患者治疗膳食符合率明显降低.入院后营养宣教对提高老年患者治疗膳食符合率具有显著的改善作用.加强住院期间营养宣教,对于提高内科住院老年患者对膳食治疗重要性的认识,改善患者不良生活方式及临床预后具有重要意义.
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