针对我国现行的污染减排制度和减排方案与环境质量改善存在的问题,提出了基于人均累积法的流域水污染物减排新机制:①从流域全局角度出发,按照流域分期、分级、分区控制原则,采用自下而上与自上而下相结合的办法,系统、科学、高效地制定流域水污染防治规划目标及总量控制目标；②通过虚拟水环境容量(人均参考配额)的管理,实现流域水环境容量资源的流转与高效利用；③通过人均参考配额及人均累积参考配额两项指标,建立不同区域社会经济发展方向和环境保护投资协调与平衡机制.%The new river basin water pollutant emission reduction mechanism based on per capita cumulative method was put forward to solve the existing problem in the current system and plan of pollutant emission reduction and the improvement of environmental quality. Firstly, formulate the objectives of river basin water pollution control planning and total amount control taking the watershed from a global perspective, applying the combination approach with a bottom-up and top-down and approach based on the stage, grade, and partition basin control principle. Secondly, implement the circulation and effective utilization of river basin water environment capacity resource based on the management on the virtual water environmental capacity. Thirdly, establish the coordination and balance mechanism on the social and economic development and environmental protection investment in different region with per capita reference quota and per capita cumulative reference quota.
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