金属矿山废弃地类型划分与生态退化特征

摘要

由于矿山开采中地表结构扰动、环境污染等因素导致矿山废弃地生态系统极度退化.通过对其产生原因和占地现状、特征的分析,将金属矿山废弃地划分为5大类15个类型,对其生态退化特征进行了评价；其中地表结构的不稳定性、土壤和植被的缺失及重金属离子污染是生态退化的主要限制性特征,也是生态恢复的难点和重点,并对不同类型金属矿山废弃地的生态治理措施进行了探讨.%Because of perturbation of surface structure and environmental pollution in mining, the ecosystem of mine wasteland was utmost degraded. In this paper, the metal mine wasteland was divided into 5 large classes and 15 types,according to the analysis on production reasons,occupation status and characteristics. The ecological degradation characteristics were evaluated, in which the instability of surface structure, loss of soil and vegetation and pollution of hevay metals were the main restrictive characteristics, and key points and difficulty in ecological restoration. Also, the ecological measures were studied.