夏威夷Kanaha海滩微生物定量风险评价

摘要

随着娱乐场所导致的介水传播疾病(Recreational Waterborne Illness,RWI)风险的日渐上升,控制海滩环境污染引起的肠胃道疾病(Gastrointestinal Illness,GI Illness)并提出有效的风险管理措施具有实践意义.近来,基于肠球菌(Enterococci,ENT)指标的定量微生物风险评价方法(QMRA)被应用来评估肠胃道疾病引起的潜在海滩公众健康风险.文章根据Kanaha海滩的潜在污染源,环境灭活率,当地的规章限制以及暴露对象的接触程度和敏感度进行了公众健康风险评估分析.结果表明,在污染事件发生后,通过及时的规章限制减少公众进行海滩娱乐活动可以有效地降低患病风险.%Owing to the increasing trend of recreational water illness (RWI) outbreaks, there is a need to pay more attention to the beach water associated gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses. It is of practical significance to control the GI illnesses and propose effective risk management measures. With the aim at performing assessment of beach safety in terms of public health, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) based on Enterococci (ENT) indicators is applied for assessing potential public health risks caused by the GI illness in Kanaha Beach Park of Hawaii. In this paper, QMRA is performed from the aspects of potential pollution source of Kanaha Beach, environmental inactivation ratio, local rule restriction and the exposure intensity and sensitivity. The results show that the most sensible group is the ones taking part in high exposure intensity activity when it comes to sewage spill or storm water overflow events. Timely regulatory barrier of reducing the public participation in beach recreational activities is found to be effective to mitigate the GI illness risks associated with sewage spill or storm water overflow.