地表水环境质量综合评价方法研究与应用进展

摘要

水质评价是目前水环境质量管理的重要支撑，水质综合评价方法已经逐渐由断面评价向流域综合评价进行转变与突破。该文对目前的断面水质评价方法进行了归类综述，并且对流域水质综合评价方法及其在各个国家流域的应用进行了重点评述。分析认为中国在流域评价中所使用的“断面比例法”不够准确，缺乏污染物时空分析以及生物评价等问题，并据此提出了未来的研究方向，为未来地表水质评价方法的提升以及水环境管理的完善提供科学的参考依据和建议。%Water quality assessment is an important support for water environmental quality management currently. The assessment method of water quality is no longer only about the monitoring⁃section assessment, but transforming into watershed comprehensive assessment gradually. The current methods of monitoring⁃section water quality assessment were classified and reviewed. And the ones of watershed comprehensive assessment and application in each watershed of different countries were reviewed as the emphasis. Some problems of water quality assessment in China, namely, the inaccuracy of monitoring⁃section proportion water quality method which is used in watershed assessment in China, the lack of pollutants temporal and spatial analysis and the short of biological water quality assessment, were analyzed. Research directions were proposed based on these problems. It is possible to design a future that the improvement of surface water quality assessment and water environmental quality management can be provided scientific reference and recommendations.