俄罗斯与乌克兰和白俄罗斯天然气争端和启示

摘要

俄罗斯是世界上最重要的天然气生产和出口国之一,但缺少直通欧洲消费国的输气管道,天然气出口须经过乌克兰和白俄罗斯.近年来,俄罗斯与乌克兰和白饿罗斯在天然气价格、过境费、债务和贷款等问题上冲突不断,影响了俄罗斯对主要天然气消费市场的供应,成为俄罗斯天然气工业发展的不利因素.本文从地缘政治角度简要评述了俄罗斯与乌克兰和白俄罗斯在天然气出口和过境等问题上的冲突,并结合我国能源现状提出几点启示和建议.%Russia is one of the most important gas producers and exporters, nevertheless, the country has to rely on Ukraine and Belarus to transport its gas out due to Russia lacks direct pipelines to transport its gas to European customers. However, disputes arise frequently over such issues as transit rates, gas price, debts and loans, and etc, between Russia and its transit states. These disputes exert negative influence on Russia's gas supply to its European customers and the development of gas industry. This article reviews these disputes among Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and summarizes lessons leant, and then puts forward suggestions for formulating energy importing strategies in China.