针对永磁电机中不同充磁方式时磁场的分布和强度不同,分析了径向、平行和Halbach 3种磁体结构,建立了内转子和外转子永磁电机的有限元分析模型,对比3种充磁方式时永磁电机气隙磁场的分布特点,明确了3种充磁方式的适用场合,给出了极对数和永磁体厚度对电机气隙磁场分布影响的变化规律.结果表明;采用平行充磁的内转子永磁电机有更大的气隙磁密,而外转子永磁电机采用径向充磁时的气隙磁密较大；Halbach磁化结构可提高气隙磁密波形的正弦分布程度,减小转子轭部磁密,适合于多极的永磁电机.%The effects of magnetization of the permanent magnet ( PM) on the magnetic field distribution and performances of PM motor were presented. Three common types of PM magnetization field patterns, Radial, Parallel and Halbach magnetization were studied. Then the accurate 2D finite element analysis model according to analyzing the differences between the fields of the machine with different magnetizations in both internal and external rotor were established. The principles of the total air gap flux varied with the pole number and thickness of magnet were analyzed. The testing and simulation results show that internal rotor machines within a parallel magnetized has a greater flux density the same as the external rotor machines within radial magnetized; Halbach magnet fitted for multi-polar PM motor can improve the sinusoidal waveform distribution of air-gap flux density and decrease the rotor yoke flux.
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