生态环境的外部性与环境经济政策

摘要

生态环境是人类生存和发展的基本条件，是经济、社会发展的基础，生态环境问题已威胁到人类的生存和发展。将外部性概念引入环境保护领域，是为了寻找促使外部性问题内在化的有效方式，以解决日益严重的环境问题。与环境问题有关的外部性，主要是生产和消费的负外部性。环境经济政策是国家环境当局从影响成本-收益入手，引导经济当事人进行选择，以便最终有利于环境的一种政策手段，其主要目标之一是最大限度地减弱以至消除其外部性的影响，将外部性问题内在化。%Ecological environment is the fundamental condition for human survival and development as well as the foundation of economic and social development.Now environmental issues have threatened human survival and development.The introduction of externality to field of environmental protection is to find an effective way to promote the internalization of external problems to solve the increasingly serious environmental problems.Externalities related to environmental issues are mainly negative externalities of production and consumption. Economical policy of environmental is a policy tool from the national environmental authorities that starts from affecting the cost-income , then guides economic parties to make a choice to ultimately benefit the environment,whose main objective is to weaken or even eliminate the external influence and internalize the externalities.