为了评价南亚热带典型退化生态系统典型生态恢复模式的小气候调节效应，从而为退化生态系统生态恢复方式和造林树种的选择提供参照，作者在广东鹤山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站的3种典型生态恢复模式样地，自然恢复草坡、马尾松林（Pinus massoniana）、马占相思林（Acacia mangium）中安装了HOBO小气候仪，对光辐射、风速风向、降水、土壤含水量、地温、气温等小气候指标进行为期1年的自动观测，并进行了对比分析，结果表明，（1）华南退化生态系统3种典型生态恢复模式具有不同的小气候效应，在林间温度调节方面，人工林和草坡的平均林间温度相差不大，但草坡的最低、最高温度均比人工林低和高。人工林的林间温度变化较草坡小，具有更好的保温调节作用。对比2种人工林，不管是平均温度还是最高温度马占相思林都略大于针叶林，而二者最低温度相差不明显。针叶林的保温调节作用略优于阔叶的马占相思林；（2）在土壤温度方面，地表温度全年基本都表现为草坡>马占相思林>针叶林，草坡的地表温度的波动远大于2种人工林；全年20 cm土壤温度3─12月都表现为草坡>马占相思林>针叶林，1─2月相反，草坡20 cm土层的土壤温度波动相对较大，人工林的波动很小。（3）3种恢复模式中，自然恢复草坡的辐射强度明显高于2种人工林，年辐射总量分别马占相思林和针叶林的1.9和5.8倍，马占相思林的年辐射量为针叶林的3倍。人工林，特别是乡土的针叶林能给林下生物构建更为稳定、适中的辐射环境。（4）人工林的平均林间风速、最大阵风风速均少于草坡，针叶林的风速小于阔叶林，针叶林降低风速的效果好于相思林和草坡。（5）人工林的林间相对湿度均高于草坡，针叶林的林间空气湿度略大于相思林，针叶林的保湿效果更好。在退化生态系统恢复过程中可采用种植人工林的方法来改善恢复早期阶段恶劣的物理环境，从而为后期乡土树种的定居和演替提供有利条件。在人工林恢复时，乡土树种人工林比外来树种人工林的适应能力和小气候调节功能更强。%In order to evaluate microclimate effects of three typical ecological restoration models and provide ecological restoration suggestions for the restoration of degraded ecosystem in south China, one natural vegetation recovery model and two human-aided vegetation recovery models(Pinus massoniana plantation, Acacia mangium plantation )were selected to analyze the microclimate effect. In each recovery sample plot, HOBO microclimate station was set to record the microclimatic parameters for a year. The results shows that the microclimate effect in different restoration models were different. 1) The average air temperature in the plantations were not significant different from the natural recovery model, and the minimum and maximum temperature of natural recovery model were higher than the two human-aided vegetation recovery models. The temperature variation of plantations were less than natural recovery model. The maximum and average air temperature of Acacia mangium plantation were slightly higher than Pinus massoniana plantation, and the temperature regulation function of Pinus massoniana plantation was better. 2) In the year round, the average soil surface temperature were natural vegetation recovery model > Acacia mangium plantation > Pinus massoniana plantation. From February to December, the average 20cm soil temperature were natural vegetation recovery model > Acacia mangium plantation > Pinus massoniana plantation. However, from January to February, the order was reversion. The 20cm soil temperature variation of natural vegetation recovery model was higher than plantations. 3) In the three recovery models, the understory radiation of natural vegetation recovery model were significant higher than the two plantations, and the annual radiation of natural vegetation recovery model were 1.9 and 5.8 times higher than Acacia mangium plantation and Pinus massoniana plantation. The annual radiation of Acacia mangium plantation was 3 times higher than Pinus massoniana plantation. This indicated that the plantations, especially the native plantation could build a better radiation environment for the understory biology. 4) The average forest wind speed and maximum gust speed of plantations were less than natural vegetation recovery model. The wind speed of Pinus massoniana plantation was less than Acacia mangium plantation, and its wind regulation function was better than natural vegetation recovery model and Acacia mangium plantation. 5) The relative forest air humidity of plantations were higher than natural vegetation recovery, and the humidity of Pinus massoniana plantation was higher than Acacia mangium plantation. The humidity regulation effect of Pinus massoniana plantation was better. In the degraded ecosystems, planting plantation can be used to meliorate the severe physical environment in the early succession stages. It can offer the advantages for the settlement of native tree species and latter restoration process. In the ecological restoration, native plantation holds the stronger microclimate regulatory function than the exotic plantation.
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