隐伏金属矿床上升气流微粒特征、形成及迁移

摘要

Characteristics,formation and migration of the particles carried by ascending gas flow in the concealed metal deposits were studied.In the research,the theory and method of geochemistry and of nano scale science and technology were adopted and more than ten metal deposits had been studied.The results showed that particles carried by ascending gas flow in surface sediments above concealed metal orebodies occur in forms of individual particles and particle aggregations.The shapes of individual particles are spherical,near-spherical,irregular,regular polygon,and long columnar.The particles are crystalline,amorphous,or partly ordered semi-crystalline.The shapes of aggregations are irregular,spherical,or near-spherical.Their mineral compositions are dominantly native gold,native copper,chloride,oxide,sulfate,and hydroxide.The ore-forming elements such as Au,Cu may be in the form of native metals or native alloys.The ore-forming elements such as Cu,Pb,Zn may be in the form of oxide,or sulfate.They,too,may be the impurity elements existing in particles such as chloride,oxide,sulfate,and hydroxide.The particles are the indicators of concealed metal orebodies.After mineralization,the particles related to the concealed metal orebodies were mainly formed by faulting,oxidation and biological effects.In the ascending gas flow,particles are in Brownian motion.%结合地球化学和纳米科学技术的理论和研究方法,研究隐伏金属矿床有关微粒的形成、迁移和特征。对十多个金属矿床的研究表明,隐伏金属矿体地表沉积物中上升气流微粒样品有单个微粒和微粒聚合体,单个微粒形态有球状、近球状、不规则状、规则多边形、长柱状,微粒有晶质、非晶质和部分晶质。聚合体形态一般是不规则状、球状和近球状。它们的矿物成分主要有自然Au、自然Cu、氯化物、氧化物、硫酸盐、氢氧化物等。成矿元素Au、Cu可以自然金属或自然合金形式存在,Cu、Pb、Zn等成矿元素可以氧化物或硫酸盐等形式存在,也可以存在于氧化物、氢氧化物、氯化物、硫酸盐等微粒中作为杂质元素,这些是隐伏金属矿体的指示微粒。成矿期后,与隐伏金属矿体有关微粒主要形成于断层作用、氧化作用和生物作用。在上升气流中,微粒呈＂布朗运动＂。