Transmission line is a vital part of the power system that connects two major points,the generation,and the distribution.For an efficient design,stable control,and steady operation of the power system,adequate knowledge of the transmission line parameters resistance,inductance,capacitance,and conductance is of great importance.These parameters are essential for transmission network expansion planning in which a new parallel line is needed to be installed due to increased load demand or the overhead line is replaced with an underground cable.This paper presents a method to optimally estimate the parameters using the input-output quantities i.e.,voltages,currents,and power factor of the transmission line.The equivalentπ-network model is used and the terminal data i.e.,sending-end and receiving-end quantities are assumed as available measured data.The parameter estimation problem is converted to an optimization problem by formulating an error-minimizing objective function.An improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)in terms of time-varying control parameters and chaos-based initialization is used to optimally estimate the line parameters.Two cases are considered for parameter estimation,the first case is when the line conductance is neglected and in the second case,the conductance is considered into account.The results obtained by the improved algorithm are compared with the standard version of the algorithm,firefly algorithm and artificial bee colony algorithm for 30 number of trials.It is concluded that the improved algorithm is tremendously sufficient in estimating the line parameters in both cases validated by low error values and statistical analysis,comparatively.
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