Hirosaki University Medical Hospital;
Hirosaki;
Japan;
Department of Nursing Science;
Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences;
Hirosaki;
Japan;
Department of Biomedical Sciences;
Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences;
Hirosaki;
Japan;
Department of Disability and Health;
Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences;
Hirosaki;
Japan;
Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science;
Hirosaki University;
Hirosaki;
Japan;
Faculty of Education;
Hirosaki University;
Hirosaki;
Japan;
Blackcurrant; Anthocyanin; Young; Health; Smoker; Oxidative; Stress; Antioxidants;