Te Hani indigenous knowledge system and their traditional practices for management of both forest ecosystem and agroecosystem in Mengsong administrative village of Xishuangbanna were studied. The Hani people have traditionally conserved mosaic forest landscape such as the community rattan protecting forest, village protecting forest, water source forest, cemetery forest, and sacred forests throughout their traditional cultural beliefs and customary institutions which reflects the Hani people’s understanding and perception about the interaction of forest water agriculture and its sustainable management. The potential application of those indigenous knowledge system and traditional practices for biodiversity conservation was discussed.
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