Reclamation,fishing,damming,building reservoirs,and channelization,the existing models of small stream use in Xishuangbanna,SW China are discussed based on detailed survey in 25 villages among 7 nationalities. The small stream use is not only a simple economic issue,but also has bearings on village’s flood and drought regulation,community physiognomy,and traditional culture promotion.According to the prevailing national policies for conservation and development,the indigenous people and the authors discussed together the possible change trends for small stream use:traditional fishing and water and land resources use will be continued while channelization and fishing with electric tools will be abolished. It is indicated that small streams are playing important roles in rural development and that models of small stream use have roots into traditional cultures. It is recommended that small stream management should be one of the key acts in regional ecological management.
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