Geological Study of Dasht-e-Top Sedimentary Basin, Wardak Province, Afghanistan

摘要

This study is conducted to investigate the occurrence of various geological features, and to study the geology and soil characteristics of the study area. To achieve the objective of this research collection, different samples from different locations in study area were collected, analyzed in laboratory, and the results are compared with each other. The main rock types found in the study area were metamorphic rock (Gneiss) and igneous rock (Granite), and the main soil types found were Loam, sandy and silty soils with different soil structures (e.g. crumbling, platy, single grain, granular and prismatic). Calcium carbonate, Iron oxides and different sizes of sediments were also seen in the soil profile, where the size of sediments were changing as it was course size sediments and gravels near the mountain range and as going far from the mountain it was changed to fine size sediments like sand, silt and clay. The river terraces present in the area cover different geological structures such as angular and erosional unconformities, thinning out of strata and potholes. The mountain range surrounded the study area contains different observable tectonic structures such as anticline, syncline, vines (dyke, sill and apophasis). Furthermore, different types of valleys also existed in this area.