Hyperuricemia in Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Risk Factors, Prevalence and Clinical Correlates: A Descriptive Comparative Study

摘要

Introduction: Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism and elevated serum concentration are very common in, and linked with hypertension and chronic kidney disease, conditions associated with heavy health burden and cardiovascular complications particularly in sub Sahara Africa. An assessment of factors relating hyperuricemia to hypertension and chronic kidney disease would therefore be necessary as way of mitigating the poor quality of life, morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases in low income nations. Methods: A single centre, descriptive comparative study in which the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of hypertensive and non-dialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were analyzed. Serum biochemical parameters with uric acid, hematocrit and urine dip strip protein were assessed. Predictors of hyperuricemia were determined using multivariate analysis. Results: One hundred and thirty nine hypertensives and 69 CKD were studied. The mean age of the participants was 54.3 ± 11.7 years, hypertensives (52.9 ± 15.7 years) and CKD (57.3 ± 16.1 years). Both groups had more males, P = 0.8. Majority (78.3%) of the CKD cohorts had stage 4 or 5 (non-dialyzed) disease. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine and uric acid were lower in hypertension than in CKD, P = 0.07, P = 0.05, P Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is commoner in CKD than hypertension and was higher in males and positively correlated with the blood pressure, proteinuria and creatinine, but negatively related to hematocrit, albumin and glomerular filtration rate. Independent predictors of hyperuricemia were proteinuria, elevated creatinine, hypoalbuminemia and anemia. Measures are needed to prevent and treat hyperuricemia to reduce the health burden associated with hypertension and CKD.